Curriculum is the totality of all experiences that learners receive inside and outside the classroom.  These experiences are devised to achieve certain objectives.  Teacher education curriculum is intended to equip teachers with necessary skills in view of the changing needs of the society in general and that of students in particular.  What professional skills would.. read more →

The quality of science education is a pervasive concern in educational improvement efforts. Until the 1950s, science teaching was essentially content-oriented and the prevalent instructional delivery system was lectures. But, the launching of Sputnik in October 1957 acted as a catalyst for a rethinking among science educators all over the world. The science competency of.. read more →

Abstract Experimental research is an area where investigators have to make a decision regarding the use of one-tailed or two-tailed tests in hypothesis testing. Statistical hypothesis starts with the negation of the alternative hypothesis. Type I and type II errors are involved in the testing of hypothesis. The choice of one-tail or two-tail test is.. read more →

Abstract The teacher education programs aim at grooming teachers for the future.  In any teacher education program, planning of lesson is an important activity.  Planning of lesson serves many purposes and stems from different perspectives.  These perspectives are grouped into four, viz., (1) General Approach, (2) Focussing on Objectives of Instruction, (3) Grounded in Psycho-social.. read more →